According to a case study report published in the Journal of Infection, a 36-year-old man in Italy simultaneously tested positive for monkeypox, COVID-19, and HIV. According to the Daily Mail, scientists have reported this is the first known case of a person testing positive for all of these viruses all at once.

The man began to develop a series of symptoms, including fatigue, fever, and a sore throat. He started showing symptoms nine days after returning from a five-day trip to Spain from June 16 to June 20, 2022. On July 2, 2022, a rash started to develop on his left arm in the afternoon. The following day, small, painful vesicles surrounded by a rash appeared on his torso, lower limbs, face, and glutes.

The vesicles had further spread and evolved into pustules. On July 5, the man went to the emergency department at the San Marco University Hospital in Catania, Italy, and was admitted to the Infectious Diseases unit. There, he was tested for monkeypox and subsequently returned a positive result. The patient was also screened for multiple STIs. He tested positive for HIV-1, and the researchers added that given his preserved CD4 count, they could assume that the infection was relatively recent.